Al morales game show presenter v3.0
Al morales game show presenter v3.0 trial#
This is a prospective clinical trial which included 114 patients diagnosed as mild COVID-19 who presented to the outpatients clinic, Qena University Hospital, Upper Egypt, during the period from February to March, 2021. 17īecause olfactory disturbances (anosmia/hyposmia) are frequently presenting manifestations of COVID-19, 18 and many patients could still have these disturbances for variable times (days to months) after complete cure from SARS-CoV-2, which can significantly affect their psychological status, we studied the local use of ivermectin as a mucoadhesive nanosuspension intranasal spray (where a large viral load is found at the early stages of the infection) to explore its possible effect in curing mild COVID-19 patients, with special concern on assessment of the possible efficacy in curing the olfactory manifestations based on clinical, biochemical and molecular data of the included patients, as previous clinical trials regarding local “nasal” use of ivermectin in humans are limited. 16 So, nanoparticles must be incorporated into mucoadhesive formulations that maintain the properties of nanosizing simultaneously with localization inside the nasal cavity. Intranasal administration needs localization of drug in the nasal cavity for a prolonged time for absorption. 15 Nanosuspensions have high chemical stability, high drug loading capacity and low toxicity. 14 Nanosuspension is a very fine dispersed drug particle in an aqueous vehicle for either topical and oral use or pulmonary and parenteral administration. 13 In addition, the binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein to the human cell membrane may be hindered by ivermectin docking. 12 It is reported that ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and causes reduction about 5000-fold in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA at 48 hours. 11 Ivermectin is proved to limit infection caused by some Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) viruses such as West Nile viruses, influenza and dengue virus. 9 It is proved to inhibit integrase protein (IN) nuclear import and HIV-1 replication, 11 as it inhibits interaction between the importin (IMP) α/β1 heterodimer responsible for IN nuclear import and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein.
9, 10 The mechanism of action of this drug against COVID-19 is unclear, though researchers suggest it works in the same way as it does against other viruses. Ivermectin is an FDA-approved broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent that in recent years has shown to have anti-viral activity against a broad range of viruses. 6, 7 When compared with other cell-based therapies, which may experience challenges such as the cells sticking to the respiratory tract epithelia during administration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have shown promise in clinical trials as a therapeutic tool for severely affected COVID-19 patients.
5 Additionally, SARS-CoV and other viral infections are believed to be inhibited by a variety of medicinal plants and natural products such as ilimaquinone (marine sponge metabolite), which have been shown to act on the ACE-2 receptor as well as other viral protein targets. Many study groups around the world are looking into their potential effectiveness against COVID-19. Antimalarial drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, as well as antifilarial drugs such as ivermectin and antiviral drugs such as favipiravir, remdesivir, and umifenovir, have been studied. There is currently no specific drug therapy or vaccine available to treat COVID-19. WHO recommendations to prevent infection spread include frequent hand washing, covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing, and avoiding close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory symptoms such as coughing and sneezing. Severe cases result in pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death. 2–4Ĭommon manifestations of COVID-19 infection include respiratory symptoms, cough, fever, breathing difficulties and anosmia. 1 The worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first discovered in Wuhan, China in 2019. Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Coronaviruses (CoV) include a large number of viruses causing diseases ranging from mild common cold to severe Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).